Soon, porcelain was summoned to the hands of painters, that is to enter as many have suggested Licai decorated stage. Those who draw blanks, that is, the lowly level of porcelain painters no less than other types of workers. This is a little strange, because a few of them apart from other painters, artists generally did not go to Europe a few months 〔Japanese student: general level of the artist as long as several months in Europe can be achieved only student〕. These painters, or even all Chinese artists, their knowledge 〔Japanese: All skills generally not based on any principle〕 above, but only limited to certain habits, based on an imaginative Ersi. They have all the basic plan of this art, know nothing about. But must admit, they can still porcelain, fans and lanterns on thin yarn is drawn-chan beautiful flowers, birds and landscape painting to.
This work painted in the same workshop was conducted by many workers, respectively. A worker simply on the color line drawn round the rim on the porcelain; second worker described the outline of flowers; third of workers then halo colors. The gang specialized painting landscapes, but which group of people on the specialist, single door painted animals and birds. People paint the most crude. If you read some color from Europe brought the city to landscape or picture, you will not laugh at a Chinese painting style. Porcelain body garner the color is vivid and in Europe, in addition to dark blue with white pattern on the ground outside of porcelain, almost no other porcelain. However, European traders are importing other kinds of porcelain, for example, in color like the burning of the French mirror * (mirois ardens), and also all red color. The latter in underglaze red, that is, and Red and blowing red glaze, that is, blowing red. Blow red on the cover there as France's "shrink like" (mignature) like speckles. To be perfect for these two ceramics is difficult. Successful works, extremely rare, the price very high. Also useful for almost all of the color material and gold paint on the landscape of porcelain, its price is very high, quite beautiful; and generally are not as just a blue pigment color of the porcelain. According to "Jingdezhen Zhi **" on the statement, once the reason to use only white, it is clear that even in the near Raozhou quality than in the poorer quality porcelain on the Green feed can not find the reason. Used in high-quality porcelain on the green material is shipped from a distance, and the price is high. * English said mirror-bLack, shall Sleeve glaze porcelain. - Translator ** Talking about here, "Jingdezhen Zhi", actually refers to Emperor Kangxi's "floating beam County." With "Jingdezhen" This kind of topography - Translator Street on Lane language that has a porcelain business in distress at sea and drifted into a no inhabited coast, where he found something far more than he lost wealth. Stories say that the porcelain business to take advantage of the crew with the ship's debris, the effort made boat, on foot wandering on the shore will discover a rich presentation of the most beautiful blue ore, and he brought a lot back. Reportedly, this ore presented the brilliant blue, Jingdezhen has not been seen in the later, the Chinese businessmen looking for this chance to strongly off the coast, but the terminal successfully.
The following approach to talk about green materials. First of all, it buried deep Banchi kiln in a row over the gravel layer burning 24 hours, and then the same as other pigment grind very fine powder. Green material is not crushed in the marble 〔〕, but in the end into a large unglazed porcelain bowl, with a head with no glaze porcelain〕 〔hammer mill into a powder. Red material is "alum" (Couperose), that is made of soap alum. Chinese red material preparation techniques may be unique, so now describe the method of its preparation. The first couple of pounds to the cauldron into the soap alum, with the other a crucible it buckle up tight seal mud. On the open crucible above a small hole hole to use the lid up. This cover can at any time free to open the. Crucible charcoal fire to put fire to strong heat. In order to increase heat reflection, the charcoal brick fence. Smoke emitted flames, indicating level of attainment not reached; and has come into being as thin and dense clouds of smoke, indicating appropriate level of attainment. Then, remove from the crucible of this small amount of raw materials, adding water to make test after the cedar. For testing, if it presents brighter red, then remove and cover crucible surrounded by charcoal, completely out in the crucible after cooling the end of the industry had the piece of red material. The red material is the best adhesive in the crucible above the. Alum with a pound of soap, can be obtained 4 "oz *" red material. * Anglo-American unit of weight. 1 ounce equals 28.35 grams. A translator
Although the nature of white porcelain, but even if the glaze becomes a hundred. And sometimes the first to use a special white material described in the porcelain body on drawings, using a variety of pigment applied after the color, this white material is used to deal with youth as a transparent material like pebbles placed in the kiln and ground into powder after calcination method system obtained. To half an ounce of the powder mixed with 1 ounce of going to ground into a powder of white lead powder. Sometimes this mixture is mixed to the other pigment. For example, to obtained the green material, go out into 1 ounce of white lead powder and add half an ounce pebble powder 3 oz flower slice of material called copper. I think that may be through the refining of copper flower slice the highest purity fine copper powder. If the method has been applied to the compound obtained by adding a certain amount of green and white material, you can get the purple material. To get the purple material, according to the proportion required 〔Japanese: According to the concentration required〕 add green material. Preparation of yellow material is: to 7 Tramm ** (dragme〕 〔drachme) Add the white material in the three Tramm Zaofan red material. All of these pigments must be painted after glaze firing of porcelain, and then placed in the kiln to color burn, only showing a green, purple, yellow, red and other colors. Chinese books, these pigments must be mixed with white lead powder, nitre and alum can use soap. Christian potter told me, with rubber water soluble pigment when mixed with white lead powder. Preparation of red enamel with the use of red, red material called patina, which now are talking about the red. It is the ordinary enamel and white pebbles obtained from the glaze into the preparation. Glaze with pebbles system method and system the same way as ordinary enamel. But I have not yet learned that the two glaze
Dosage and the red material in the solvent mixture in the amount. If for some tests, will find its secret. Dry and then placed in porcelain kiln firing general. After firing, if showing pure red. Shiny and no spots, counted in total control of the production technology. When the beat, it does not send crisp sound.
* The so-called "transparent pebbles" may be quartz, a translator ** Units of measurement. Is equal to the amount of drugs in the management or one in eight of 60 two: the ordinary mean value of 27 one-sixteenth of a gel or two. A translator Red is another blow porcelain, its production methods are as follows. Prepared material and pipe red. One end of the tube yarn package tight, gently placed on red material, so that the infiltration of red yarn in material, and then facing the porcelain tube injection to make porcelain body covered in red spots on the surface. Red and Red valuable than blowing, the price is high. All operations must be appropriate, would be very difficult to succeed. Black is beautiful and precious porcelain. Porcelain was called Ugyen black lead, and the burning mirror similar to the French; if decorated with gold color, is more beautiful. After the green body to the black in the dry material. Dark green material from the three ounces and 7 ounces of ordinary rock material Glaze paired, based on the color depth requirements regulating the two components. Just make some test, they will know their exact assignment. Dark green material from the three ounces and 7 ounces of ordinary rock material Glaze paired, based on the color depth requirements regulating the two components. Just make some test, they will know their exact assignment. Black material after dry firing, and later the gold color, into the kiln for another special color burn. Porcelain in when there is a real estate I have never seen before. The porcelain body engrave a transparent empty, can hold the middle, "Lee for a long time wine *" The lamp-shaped objects. Loudiao porcelain body light and a complete one. I've seen the Manchu and Han women painted porcelain painting. Pictures from clothes to face, face are handled fine, seen from afar would think that is cloisonne. * French languages, is an aromatic alcohol. A translator
Should be noted that a special device known locally as broken porcelain. It does not need another glaze, but only for the production of glazed white pebbles. Porcelain body surface cracks. Covered with surface crack, crack patterns formed numerous; a distance, like countless broken tiles, they are still without scattered on the porcelain body; also like mosaic work. Use of pebbles for the glaze, the color white seeped gray. If all painted green material, and then on the glaze, then fired after the crack above it seemed to glaze. To the gold color, it will be gold ground, into the porcelain bowl, mixed with water to make it there until the bottom layer of gold so far. Usually be kept dry. Use, whichever part of the right amount of rubber dissolved in water, then mixed with lead powder. Gold and lead powder in the ratio of 30 to three. Gold color in the porcelain body on the way as the above method of the same pigment. Finally, introduce a porcelain. Its production methods are as follows: the general glazing, firing a variety of pigment for paint later, and then proceed to color burn. Sometimes, after a painting after the first firing; but sometimes in order to cover the deficiencies need to conduct local coloring, and then a second firing. But many people also love this flower porcelain. This china pattern is not neat, either as workers painted ill-equipped worthy, or as necessary to cover the shade of the drawing or to cover up the defects of the so porcelain body. Once the painting and the gold color (if the gold color) to dry. Porcelain pile up and put into the kiln by size. This kiln, the smaller and generally with soil, you can also use iron construction, I have seen this kiln about one high, about France's largest Jiuzun wide. Is the mean thickness of about 1 foot high, a scale semi-long brick. Brick is the production of raw materials used in the original soil with Saggers. This soil is suitable for masonry garden Zuocheng barrel after the burn to be solid. When construction of the kiln, the bricks one at a time close puzzle together with cement. The bottom of the kiln body high off the ground about Banchi, built in two or three layers thick but not wide Bricks. Kiln with a brick wall week very well built. In the lower part of the kiln wall to open three or four windy boxes role vents. In the weeks between the kiln wall and left a wide gap of about Banchi, the only three, four are full, they like a few feet kiln 〔in Japanese: In this gap of only three, four walls with sticks, they put kiln wall to connect up with the week〕. I think the kiln body and the week is also masonry wall, otherwise the kiln is not up puzzle. Glazed porcelain to be fired in the kiln full time, as aforementioned, is based on the size of pile up. Over the kiln, the kiln wall and the same with the mud covering the top of the kiln. These clods each other tight, wet clay with a stone mortar or stick tight. Only in the kiln, leaving a top central position observed with the firing of porcelain hole. Second, in the kiln of the following and a large number of charcoal kilns cover look unfamiliar. Charcoal is covered from the kiln to the kiln wall and week gap between the inputs. Use top to see the fire hole kiln lid broken up. When the fire very busy, we should frequently look into the kiln from the hole. When the porcelain glow bright, bright hair color painting, the removal of charcoal, remove the porcelain. Use of white lead powder, make color adhesive on the porcelain after glaze firing. According to "floating beam county" records. People used to have to use soap saltpeter and alum on the color adhesive on the porcelain body. This reminds me, if to the glass painting is also used in pigment mixed with white lead powder, then through some form of color after firing, since the incorporation of the role of the white lead powder, may be able to regain industry had lost the transparent glass painted. To make some tests will know whether this would be effective. Talking about when I lost the secret law with the same lost in China from another secret law to talk about the art along now. This porcelain, painted in its inside painted fish and other animals: when, filling a liquid, the painting was just floating out. The porcelain is called blue folder, also according to the green material is called "trapped into the green." Described below for people to regain control of the secret law. Perhaps in Europe people can imagine the Chinese people can not imagine things. Method has been applied painted porcelain, must be very thin. After the dry green body, the hair color and deep blue material coated on its inside, rather than general, as painted porcelain outside. Usually painted on its inside with Fish, and fish pattern in filling the water was easy to float out. When the stain dries, apply a light coat on the floor in patterns made with the blank porcelain bodies made of very thin clay mud; This makes the material caught in the double-layer thin green blades of the blank soil middle, and thin layer of dry pulp after glazing. Green body was placed near the pulley of the repair stage of the blanks. As the green body are coated material inside, so the more lateral cut thin as possible, that is about to reveal to the excellent material cut up, then, will be dipping outside glaze, green body is completely dry, the kiln was put into the ordinary within firing. Green produced very detailed folder needs to today's China by beyond technology. This was to restore the magic of color decoration, made tireless efforts, but in vain after all. Not long ago, some of them assured me that he made a new attempt to close successfully.
However, so far people can still say: start with the beautiful blue and white patterns on the porcelain body painting, was to re-float. Just draw the pattern pale ink, after it dries a painted glaze, pattern disappeared immediately: Body painting is not leaving a trace, becoming one color of white. This underglaze color, a fire burning in the kiln, the hair color, colorful, much like the nature of the heating so many beautiful butterflies hatched normally. Now add the issue. Before glazing, polished porcelain bodies in order to eliminate the irregular places and need to compacts. To this end, a little wet with water very valuables small brush, gently rubbed the broken surface. In addition, the glazing technique is also quite necessary. Glaze while not on too much, but also on the get a comprehensive, uniform. Eggshell fine china, glazed to twice, namely, including surface and the outside glazed, the glaze should be thin on some. If the glaze is too thick, thin-walled glass blank which immediately due to deformation to withstand the weight, the harder the glaze fine china to the last two, but sometimes only the last enamel. The first is to sprinkle glazed enamel, and the second glazing is dipped glaze, first with one hand, boosting the cup blanks from the outside, the mouth diagonally aligned enamel pot Tsui. Then pour the glaze the other hand. Then be sure to swing over the glaze slurry billet within the cup. This can be for many continuous casting billet cup of the glaze. When the first part of the billet inside the enamel cup dry when the cup blank in the following manner external glazing: withstand the cup with one hand, the bottom center, supported with a stick enough to live the end of the central, immersed in the glaze filled containers. Glaze a dip immediately raised. On the bottom of the porcelain bodies were left in front of clods matter. In fact, the porcelain bodies in glazing and dry before being placed on the bottom pulley on the dig enough, then, in the bottom draw a circle within a foot, and often write a few characters. When the bottom section when the dry, late enough in the internal glazing. So far, all the manual to the end. Soon, the porcelain bodies were transported to the kiln firing from the workshop. So I am really surprised that a transport blanks filled ceramic work of two bad shoulders Dan Zhao's narrow and long board, maintaining a good balance across several busy streets without breaking the porcelain bodies. If the collision was his, would have required compensation for the loss, therefore, saw the pedestrian he carefully dodge. The operation was coordinated with the pace of work blank and the body, did not lose balance. This can not but amazing.
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