Yuan blue and white of the grade and authenticity of the iden

Since 1929, the British Hob Johnson in the anthology devoted to the "to positive 10 year" (1351) of the blue cloud after the vases with elephant ears, another 1952 study by the American Pope, Yuan blue and white in porcelain history stand out. Subsequently, the domestic Dadu cellars, Jiangxi and Jiangsu Jintan Fengcheng County Lingshi tomb of Yuan and Ming tombs dating has unearthed a paragraph element with blue and white porcelain, domestic and foreign collectors are scrambling to collect Yuan blue and white porcelain.
Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty set up a "Privy Council", after the improvement process, in the burned out on the basis of egg white glaze, blue and white, blue underglaze red porcelain is gradually maturing, especially red, green and polychrome enamel porcelain types more enriched . To the mid-yuan, Yuan blue and white porcelain to the abundant supply of domestic and international markets. Blue and white material was used in a small number of imports from the Soviet Ma Ching (also known as Su Nibo green) material, this material through private trade, Jingdezhen arrived from West Asia. Then Jingdezhen porcelain blue and white craft production and refinement of more mature material. Mr. Gengbaochang "Identification of the Ming and Qing porcelain," a book that: "in the past people generally, as the Yuan Dynasty porcelain thick, heavy, Zhuoben, it now appears, this view was biased. New China was founded, in archaeological excavation and other relics, the gradually discovered many fine delicate artifacts, especially those blue and underglaze red varieties, but is refreshing ... ... Yuan porcelain is not always thick thick stupid, and tell us not to use absolute, immutable vision and the means to understand things. in porcelain identification in particular. the exquisite and delicate objects and artifacts is often rough and poor natural coexist at the same time complicated. "This reminds us of the common tape export porcelain, bowl and other large objects more refined, but vase, small cap, small bowl, Height, cups, a halberd goblets, ewers, covered boxes, light care, etc., and some fine, some rough.
Design is simple, dark blue and white vase, multi-row bottle, flat pot, high-neck tank, tank, etc. Ceratophyllum demersum lines at home are also common. Can be seen from the domestic kind, Yuan blue and white to positive first year in more elegant blue and white hair color, glaze for the import of Su-Ma from blue, blue water great material, so elegant, is the continued commitment Song elegant style blue and white. Su Ma from the relatively rich and gaudy blue to positive persons should be five years (in 1345) or so. To positive from Tsing Ma years after the Soviet Union reached the highest level of preparation, this time to pursue hair color is blue sapphire color. Hob Mason described as "to positive 10 year" blue cloud models vases with elephant ears, Guiguzi down a large number of excellent porcelain Figure cans full anesthesia with the Soviet Union from the blue, blue-green material to knock refining. Early Ming Zheng He brought back from the green material import Su Ma painted decoration is smaller than the Yuan Dynasty blue and white material. Liu Park teacher once said: "John, Vision blue and white, decorative patterns from craft production to the late Yuan Dynasty blue and white sketch just to catch up fine and the level of hair color." Yuan blue and white crystal of iron plaque than never, Vision blue and white porcelain, because Selected raw materials to refining blue material has reached its peak. Meta-modeling huge blue and white porcelain found Mongolian vigorous lifestyle and market needs. Lady Zhaojun, West Chamber, General Meng Tian, Highlighting, Peach, under the catch on Han Xin Xiao He, Guang, Tang and other Stories patterns, pictures and diverse, Ceratophyllum demersum, flowers, birds, Lotus Scroll, Interlocking Peony, Lucky Eight and so varied. Vivid picture theme, style of popular Ke Jiusi.
Yuan blue and white more categories, in which shapes of large, dense and layered decoration, shape working-class, blue materials are all from the Green Ma Su who was then minister of the emperor to reward merit, and for the export of special court The blue and white porcelain. Xi Yuan Dynasty Jingdezhen imperial kiln plant with equal green (that is, Ma Su ponds from the green plus blue), this green material is "Hutian kiln" as parsimonious Su Qing Liu created a formula. Another manufacturing process general cans, plates, bowls and other blue slate, blue black, blue and white material used for the times. There is also a blue-gray, smooth but outlined no rules style is mixed kiln firing, although the Yuan blue and white, but the value is not high.
Below we talk about the blue and white Yuan grade and Authenticity.
1. Yuan Dynasty blue and white cans, bowls, plates huge vigorous style. If the weight of cans suitable mouth with ring foot diameter, similar, or equal, ring foot broad and shallow, a jump knife marks end of spin cut; bowl ring foot height is outside the charge-off, in high foot outside the low, the kiln was red basic ivory Huang. Handed down the kiln on the red, red cellars kiln, common water kiln red, the writer 300 years, 600 years, 900 years to distinguish between changes in the kiln red. Listen to the sound, see "Sanko" is the identification of critical links, meta authentic blue and white glaze shiny and bright, Baoguang bright.
2. Yuan blue and white of the tire is the dual formulation, which increases soil mined hemp warehouse, which is the imperial kiln special formula. The fine soil, little impurities, white jade, contained traces of iron. The Royal Court is a special type of ceramic products and export porcelain, is the top grade. Large Blue and White Porcelain of the child is of Anhui Keemun soil, white ash pan, the top grade.
3. Element enamel colors a lot, there are young white glaze, glazed duck, bright green glaze, egg white glaze and so on. Than the thickness of the glaze Yuan Ming and Qing enamel, poly glaze, set the glaze phenomenon more. Glaze glaze configuration changes and the concentration of high and low temperature kiln, a great proportion of the relationship between potassium and sodium. Since the late Tang Dynasty, in order to overcome the glazed opening film, Jingdezhen technicians using potassium fruit for glaze raw materials, adding white sodium, repeated practice, the optimum ratio of potassium and sodium, increase the whiteness of the glaze, but also not open films. The ratio of potassium more than the glaze on the translucent white, the proportion of sodium more than the whiteness of the glaze is somewhat weaker. The two formulations of the concentration is also important, water and more, the glaze Run somewhat less water less concentrated potassium and sodium, the glaze on the Run. This configuration glaze method still in use.
4. Yuan Dynasty blue and white decoration rough smooth. Any court export porcelain with porcelain and have a "stitch pattern" restriction to positive years later, bird and flower, dragon tanks, plates and other amplifier, decorated with green material outlined by the Road before the multi-process, in particular the stock market, large cans, welcome light to see this pattern. Yuan blue and white main lines and accessory lines are more complicated without being chaotic. Deformation lianban arrangement, and do not single chrysanthemum, lotus petals, like hyacinth, banana leaf over stem, cloud, like tadpoles, rocks color dissatisfaction, the wall a little short. People plants have Reiki, meaning no Miao Hong. These features, unlike today's Jingdezhen is the imitation.
5. Yuan Dynasty blue and white material points of domestic materials and imported materials, domestic plus imported materials. Tsing Ma Su imports from hair color stability, color, like sapphire, which is the top grade cobalt, iron high. With the "knock the green" method refined blue and white material, green material can be catty about 52 materials. 0.5% of the proportion of cobalt blue color is sapphire blue, cobalt and 1% for the dark blue, cobalt and more than 1% were black and blue, 0.25% drilled is light blue. Yuan blue and white crystal of iron on the spot than the round-depth Fetus, dissolved in the glaze, through the glaze. Glazed cobalt for more than 600 years after the air oxidation of iron crystal plaque to stay the same as brown rust spots block, get started with rugged sense of touch. Yuan Yuan blue and white and blue glaze, such as devices visible in strong sunlight reddish violet polish, intuition is the sapphire blue and the Jade Green, Canglan, dark blue, cobalt ratio should account for 0.5% ~ 1.0%.
Strokes in the decoration of the line of the turning point and the blue material at the places where black and blue cobalt blue material has more than 1%, this is our early identification of Yuan and Ming blue and white from the Tsing Ma pure SU's essentials. Common bloom and there are irregular patches of iron crystal dots and circles and so flaky rust. Senior experience tells us: "Yuan eat tires, clean food glaze, Ming blue and white two to eat." This is the Kam ceramic experience. Qing Yuan equality (Su Ma from the Green plus blue ponds) close to the pure SU Ma from the blue, blue-black Bifeng flexure point in particular. Blue-gray with a purple blue and white hair Se Cheng, Su-Ma close to pure blue is the top grade from green materials, this material is mainly used for blue and white porcelain palace and dignitaries, Jingdezhen kiln in Yuan to positive Hutian basic all around with this expected, higher levels of manganese, less stable, long-term use of materials is specified kiln. Pure material Secheng Blue-gray green ponds, micro blue, which is the top grade material times blue, blue-green deep in spots, some dark brown spots floating on the surface of the element in the early official, kilns are using this material, halo Powder blue with the above material is small. Other coloring black, green, blue and white ash and other materials are used in hybrid kiln.
6. Yuan blue and white jar ring foot wide and short, slightly higher yuan mid-around ring foot, the most advanced feet short, neat repair foot, inside and outside runout, end spin cut Department has jump knife marks; kiln red oxide was over 600 years of yellow teeth , pale yellow; devices often to see the end of several enamel plaque, which is kiln in mind. Yuan Dynasty blue and white small section, there are paragraph are based on personal needs firing.