Can be used as ceramic, so Cizhou can be understood as "ceramic" state. The state formerly Henan, is located in Hebei Cixian before burning in the Song, Yuan not moved since today's Pengcheng. History Cizhou and, later, more than the production of civil Pengcheng Zhu kiln ceramic, also known as "miscellaneous type kiln." Cizhou products decorated with carving, scratching or rust flowers mainly black and white, simple and generous, has been followed so far. Cizhou this period the most famous ceramic pillow, and more sculpture into a lovely image of the child, or the imposition of the decorations bright and clear, with strong ink style, flowers, birds, fish and insects, landscapes, calligraphy and poetry are all it freely, to a system porcelain painting techniques with a perfect combination of unique in the history of Chinese ceramics. There are also green glaze underglaze black color, white glaze glaze red and green color and low-temperature yellow, green, in Brown glazed pottery. Which the production of red and green glaze on the Ming and Qing Dynasty Jingdezhen overglaze development to some extent. The decorative style was also affected kiln in Shanxi Jiexiu, Zibo, Shandong, Shaanxi Yiu Prefecture, formed a so-called "Yaozhou system."
Jingdezhen's firing history can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, was originally called "Chang South", Emperor Song Jing years, the place was renamed because of Jingdezhen porcelain has gained world renown.
Terms of this species on the Blue and White Porcelain, Jingdezhen can be said best in the world, this is a unique style of pottery. The glaze of white in flash blue, blue in the obvious white, translucent glaze, light see the film, so called "shadow blue" or "reflected Green", the "fake jade" said. Yang burning during the Southern Song Dynasty product plainer pure glaze, cover the burned product was a bit yellow. From the 10th century to the 14th century, the wide circulation of such products at home and abroad, the Yuan Dynasty and then gradually decline, giving way to blue and white and color glaze varieties. Qingbaikouan porcelain variety, everything living appliances, decorative carved primarily techniques, printing, engraving, sculpture and so much of their work performance Cisu Buddhist warrior figures and Wen Li, with daily life, the characteristics of secularization.
Jingdezhen kiln product matrix thin, high-quality raw materials mined when the real estate, fine in texture; the enamel is "glazed fruit" and "glazed gray," a blend of greater mobility during firing, so thin Department white, glazed office product was water green. After the Northern Song Dynasty, Jingdezhen kilns burning method using sagger Yang, a device of a box, which lowered firing costs, improving yield.
In addition, Jiangxi Jingdezhen also widely affected the other kilns, and Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places, the formation of a large phase "Jingdezhen kiln system."
Kiln construction, kiln that is famous Song Dynasty. It is located in Zhongyang County, Fujian Province, built the town of Kut, from the late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties began firing celadon porcelain Song to burn mainly black, white and blue fire. Jian kiln to produce light for the bulk tea black glaze, which is the Song "tea fight" atmosphere of the. The Taizhi for the Ukrainian soil color, and some glazed strip crystalline pattern was fine as rabbit hair, so this particular product is known as "rabbit hair light." Rabbit hair yellow, and white, said the money cents, Yin Hao. Droplet-shaped crystal was also due to resemble a perfect feather, known as the partridge spot. A very small glaze kiln changes will be formed around oil droplets in the kiln changes irregular blue, especially precious. Product in Japan called "Eye Glaze," the Japanese ceramic art is a big influence. According to legend, the area of Mount Temple was the proliferation of more use to this study in the Japanese monk proud to bring home many people when used in the construction of the temple lamp black glaze kiln, a time that black glaze lamp become fashionable in Japan. The late Northern Song court who have fired the kiln Queen's tea cup, after the black glaze Yuan burn. Kiln built in the ancient literature, also known as "dark mud building," "Black Building", "purple building."
Longquan kiln in Longquan County, Zhejiang Province, the area today, mainly in large kilns, gold around the village. To the late Southern Song Dynasty, with the exception of local foreign Longquan, Zhejiang Qingyuan, transportation, and other counties as well as Jiangxi Jian, Fujian Quanzhou in all styles of Longquan celadon firing, the formation of Longquan kiln system. Longquan kiln was developed following the Yue kilns, the highest burning in the early Northern Song Dynasty to Song Dynasty before development, thus forming a unique style and variety to achieve a high glazed state, is the largest kiln production south.
Longquan Kiln Porcelain early and by Ou Yue kilns of the kiln, etc., extensive use of carved decoration of designated or supported by the way, in yellow or green glaze Grey. About the late twelfth century, that is from the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the famous pink mature firing glaze. Later to the early Yuan Dynasty, thin enamel thick plums fetal enamel firing success of the Longquan kiln to reach its peak. Judging from the chemical composition, powder glaze, and plums AL2O3 glaze porcelain body were higher than those in the Yue celadon, most of the more than 20 ℅, using sophisticated washing technology, the increased raw material in the fine kaolin minerals and sericite minerals Some of the content of particles, thereby increasing the degree of fine porcelain body. Longquan kiln products of this period, lower CaO contained in the glaze, and K2O content increased, so that a corresponding increase in firing temperature, glaze firing temperature range was increased to porcelain made great progress.
Longquan kiln products, is rich in style, in addition to all kinds of household utensils, there are a lot of stationery, and antique bronze jade modeling and simulation modeling. In order to meet the characteristics of thick enamel, heap, or decals decorative flowers gradually replaced the carved decoration, into a unique style.
Song socio-economic and commercial trade because the development of ceramics caused unprecedented prosperity. In addition to a group of famous kilns of various styles, the many small but distinctive production of small kilns are all over the country. They produce not only the court of Queen utensils for daily production of the masses, the product is far inferior to that overseas, then, Westerners called porcelain China
没有评论:
发表评论